通过背景颜色传达含义,并通过渐变添加装饰。
无障碍提示:仅使用颜色来增加意义只提供视觉提示,这对于使用辅助技术(如屏幕阅读器)的用户是无法传达的。请确保意义本身在内容中就显而易见(例如,可见文本通过 足够的颜色对比)或者通过其他方式包含,例如使用 .visually-hidden 类隐藏的额外文本。
背景颜色
类似于上下文文本颜色类,可以将元素的背景设置为任何上下文类。背景工具类 不会设置 color,因此在某些情况下,你可能需要使用 .text-* 颜色工具类。
后台工具类如 .bg-* 源自我们的原始 $theme-colors Sass 映射尚未响应颜色模式,然而,任何 .bg-*-subtle 工具类意愿。这将在 v6 中解决。
<div class="p-3 mb-2 bg-primary text-white">.bg-primary</div>
<div class="p-3 mb-2 bg-primary-subtle text-primary-emphasis">.bg-primary-subtle</div>
<div class="p-3 mb-2 bg-secondary text-white">.bg-secondary</div>
<div class="p-3 mb-2 bg-secondary-subtle text-secondary-emphasis">.bg-secondary-subtle</div>
<div class="p-3 mb-2 bg-success text-white">.bg-success</div>
<div class="p-3 mb-2 bg-success-subtle text-success-emphasis">.bg-success-subtle</div>
<div class="p-3 mb-2 bg-danger text-white">.bg-danger</div>
<div class="p-3 mb-2 bg-danger-subtle text-danger-emphasis">.bg-danger-subtle</div>
<div class="p-3 mb-2 bg-warning text-dark">.bg-warning</div>
<div class="p-3 mb-2 bg-warning-subtle text-warning-emphasis">.bg-warning-subtle</div>
<div class="p-3 mb-2 bg-info text-dark">.bg-info</div>
<div class="p-3 mb-2 bg-info-subtle text-info-emphasis">.bg-info-subtle</div>
<div class="p-3 mb-2 bg-light text-dark">.bg-light</div>
<div class="p-3 mb-2 bg-light-subtle text-light-emphasis">.bg-light-subtle</div>
<div class="p-3 mb-2 bg-dark text-white">.bg-dark</div>
<div class="p-3 mb-2 bg-dark-subtle text-dark-emphasis">.bg-dark-subtle</div>
<div class="p-3 mb-2 bg-body-secondary">.bg-body-secondary</div>
<div class="p-3 mb-2 bg-body-tertiary">.bg-body-tertiary</div>
<div class="p-3 mb-2 bg-body text-body">.bg-body</div>
<div class="p-3 mb-2 bg-black text-white">.bg-black</div>
<div class="p-3 mb-2 bg-white text-dark">.bg-white</div>
<div class="p-3 mb-2 bg-transparent text-body">.bg-transparent</div>背景渐变
通过添加一个 .bg-gradient 类,在背景上添加了线性渐变作为背景图像。这个渐变从半透明的白色开始,并在底部逐渐消失。
你在自定义 CSS 中需要渐变吗?只需添加 background-image: var(--bs-gradient);。
不透明度
在 v5.1.0 中添加从 v5.1.0 起,background-color 工具使用 Sass 结合 CSS 变量生成。这允许在不进行编译的情况下实时更改颜色以及动态更改 alpha 透明度。
它是如何工作的
考虑我们默认的 .bg-success 效用。
.bg-success {
--bs-bg-opacity: 1;
background-color: rgba(var(--bs-success-rgb), var(--bs-bg-opacity)) !important;
}
我们使用了--bs-success的 RGB 版本(CSS 变量值为 25, 135, 84),并附加了第二个 CSS 变量 --bs-bg-opacity 用于 alpha 透明度(借助本地 CSS 变量,默认值为 1)。这意味着每当你现在使用 .bg-success 时,你的计算color 值就是 rgba(25, 135, 84, 1)。每个 .bg-* 类中的本地 CSS 变量避免了继承问题,因此工具类的嵌套实例不会自动具有修改的 alpha 透明度。
示例
要更改该不透明度,请通过自定义样式或内联样式覆盖 --bs-bg-opacity。
<div class="bg-success p-2 text-white">This is default success background</div>
<div class="bg-success p-2" style="--bs-bg-opacity: .5;">This is 50% opacity success background</div>或者,从任何 .bg-opacity 个工具类中选择:
<div class="bg-success p-2 text-white">This is default success background</div>
<div class="bg-success p-2 text-white bg-opacity-75">This is 75% opacity success background</div>
<div class="bg-success p-2 text-dark bg-opacity-50">This is 50% opacity success background</div>
<div class="bg-success p-2 text-dark bg-opacity-25">This is 25% opacity success background</div>
<div class="bg-success p-2 text-dark bg-opacity-10">This is 10% opacity success background</div>CSS
除了以下的 Sass 功能之外,还可以考虑阅读我们包含的 CSS 自定义属性(即 CSS 变量)以了解颜色和更多内容。
Sass 变量
大多数 background-color 工具是由我们的主题颜色生成的,从我们的通用调色板变量中重新分配。
$blue: #0d6efd;
$indigo: #6610f2;
$purple: #6f42c1;
$pink: #d63384;
$red: #dc3545;
$orange: #fd7e14;
$yellow: #ffc107;
$green: #198754;
$teal: #20c997;
$cyan: #0dcaf0;
$primary: $blue;
$secondary: $gray-600;
$success: $green;
$info: $cyan;
$warning: $yellow;
$danger: $red;
$light: $gray-100;
$dark: $gray-900;
$gradient: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba($white, .15), rgba($white, 0));
灰度颜色也可用,但只有一部分会被用于生成任何工具。
$white: #fff;
$gray-100: #f8f9fa;
$gray-200: #e9ecef;
$gray-300: #dee2e6;
$gray-400: #ced4da;
$gray-500: #adb5bd;
$gray-600: #6c757d;
$gray-700: #495057;
$gray-800: #343a40;
$gray-900: #212529;
$black: #000;
用于在浅色和深色模式下设置background-color在.bg-*-subtle工具类中的变量:
$primary-bg-subtle: tint-color($primary, 80%);
$secondary-bg-subtle: tint-color($secondary, 80%);
$success-bg-subtle: tint-color($success, 80%);
$info-bg-subtle: tint-color($info, 80%);
$warning-bg-subtle: tint-color($warning, 80%);
$danger-bg-subtle: tint-color($danger, 80%);
$light-bg-subtle: mix($gray-100, $white);
$dark-bg-subtle: $gray-400;
$primary-bg-subtle-dark: shade-color($primary, 80%);
$secondary-bg-subtle-dark: shade-color($secondary, 80%);
$success-bg-subtle-dark: shade-color($success, 80%);
$info-bg-subtle-dark: shade-color($info, 80%);
$warning-bg-subtle-dark: shade-color($warning, 80%);
$danger-bg-subtle-dark: shade-color($danger, 80%);
$light-bg-subtle-dark: $gray-800;
$dark-bg-subtle-dark: mix($gray-800, $black);
Sass 映射
主题颜色随后被放入一个 Sass 映射中,这样我们就可以遍历它们来生成我们的工具类、组件修饰符等。
$theme-colors: (
"primary": $primary,
"secondary": $secondary,
"success": $success,
"info": $info,
"warning": $warning,
"danger": $danger,
"light": $light,
"dark": $dark
);
灰度颜色也可以作为 Sass 映射使用。此映射不会用来生成任何工具类。
$grays: (
"100": $gray-100,
"200": $gray-200,
"300": $gray-300,
"400": $gray-400,
"500": $gray-500,
"600": $gray-600,
"700": $gray-700,
"800": $gray-800,
"900": $gray-900
);
RGB 颜色是从一个独立的 Sass 映射生成的:
$theme-colors-rgb: map-loop($theme-colors, to-rgb, "$value");
背景颜色不透明度在此基础上构建了自己的映射,该映射由工具类 API 使用:
$utilities-bg: map-merge(
$utilities-colors,
(
"black": to-rgb($black),
"white": to-rgb($white),
"body": to-rgb($body-bg)
)
);
$utilities-bg-colors: map-loop($utilities-bg, rgba-css-var, "$key", "bg");
$utilities-bg-subtle: (
"primary-subtle": var(--#{$prefix}primary-bg-subtle),
"secondary-subtle": var(--#{$prefix}secondary-bg-subtle),
"success-subtle": var(--#{$prefix}success-bg-subtle),
"info-subtle": var(--#{$prefix}info-bg-subtle),
"warning-subtle": var(--#{$prefix}warning-bg-subtle),
"danger-subtle": var(--#{$prefix}danger-bg-subtle),
"light-subtle": var(--#{$prefix}light-bg-subtle),
"dark-subtle": var(--#{$prefix}dark-bg-subtle)
);
颜色模式背景色也可以作为 Sass 映射使用:
$theme-colors-bg-subtle: (
"primary": $primary-bg-subtle,
"secondary": $secondary-bg-subtle,
"success": $success-bg-subtle,
"info": $info-bg-subtle,
"warning": $warning-bg-subtle,
"danger": $danger-bg-subtle,
"light": $light-bg-subtle,
"dark": $dark-bg-subtle,
);
$theme-colors-bg-subtle-dark: (
"primary": $primary-bg-subtle-dark,
"secondary": $secondary-bg-subtle-dark,
"success": $success-bg-subtle-dark,
"info": $info-bg-subtle-dark,
"warning": $warning-bg-subtle-dark,
"danger": $danger-bg-subtle-dark,
"light": $light-bg-subtle-dark,
"dark": $dark-bg-subtle-dark,
);
Sass mixin
生成背景工具时未使用任何mixin,但我们确实有一些用于其他情况的额外mixin,当你想创建自己的渐变时可以使用。
@mixin gradient-bg($color: null) {
background-color: $color;
@if $enable-gradients {
background-image: var(--#{$prefix}gradient);
}
}
// Horizontal gradient, from left to right
//
// Creates two color stops, start and end, by specifying a color and position for each color stop.
@mixin gradient-x($start-color: $gray-700, $end-color: $gray-800, $start-percent: 0%, $end-percent: 100%) {
background-image: linear-gradient(to right, $start-color $start-percent, $end-color $end-percent);
}
// Vertical gradient, from top to bottom
//
// Creates two color stops, start and end, by specifying a color and position for each color stop.
@mixin gradient-y($start-color: $gray-700, $end-color: $gray-800, $start-percent: null, $end-percent: null) {
background-image: linear-gradient(to bottom, $start-color $start-percent, $end-color $end-percent);
}
@mixin gradient-directional($start-color: $gray-700, $end-color: $gray-800, $deg: 45deg) {
background-image: linear-gradient($deg, $start-color, $end-color);
}
@mixin gradient-x-three-colors($start-color: $blue, $mid-color: $purple, $color-stop: 50%, $end-color: $red) {
background-image: linear-gradient(to right, $start-color, $mid-color $color-stop, $end-color);
}
@mixin gradient-y-three-colors($start-color: $blue, $mid-color: $purple, $color-stop: 50%, $end-color: $red) {
background-image: linear-gradient($start-color, $mid-color $color-stop, $end-color);
}
@mixin gradient-radial($inner-color: $gray-700, $outer-color: $gray-800) {
background-image: radial-gradient(circle, $inner-color, $outer-color);
}
@mixin gradient-striped($color: rgba($white, .15), $angle: 45deg) {
background-image: linear-gradient($angle, $color 25%, transparent 25%, transparent 50%, $color 50%, $color 75%, transparent 75%, transparent);
}
Sass 工具 API
后台工具类在我们的工具类 API scss/_utilities.scss 中声明。了解如何使用工具类 API。
"background-color": (
property: background-color,
class: bg,
local-vars: (
"bg-opacity": 1
),
values: map-merge(
$utilities-bg-colors,
(
"transparent": transparent,
"body-secondary": rgba(var(--#{$prefix}secondary-bg-rgb), var(--#{$prefix}bg-opacity)),
"body-tertiary": rgba(var(--#{$prefix}tertiary-bg-rgb), var(--#{$prefix}bg-opacity)),
)
)
),
"bg-opacity": (
css-var: true,
class: bg-opacity,
values: (
10: .1,
25: .25,
50: .5,
75: .75,
100: 1
)
),
"subtle-background-color": (
property: background-color,
class: bg,
values: $utilities-bg-subtle
),